大學時候的專題:進化城市

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Drawing textured cube with Vulkan on Android

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Vulkan is a modern hardware-accelerated Graphics API. Its goal is providing an high efficient way in low-level graphics and compute on modern GPUs for PC, mobile, and embedded devices. I am personally working a self training project, vulkan-android , to teach myself how to use this new APIs. The difference between OpenGL and Vulkan OpenGL: Higher level API in comparison with Vulkan, and the next generation of OpenGL 4 will be Vulkan.   Cross-platform and Cross-language (mostly still based on C/C++, but people implemented diverse versions and expose similar API binding based on OpenGL C++, WebGL is a good example).  Mainly used in 3D graphics and 2D image processing to interact with GPU in order to achieve hardware acceleration. Don't have a command buffer can be manipulated at the application side. That means we will be easily see draw calls being the performance bottleneck in a big and complex 3D scene. Vulkan: Cross-platform and low-overhead. Erase the boundary bet...
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Fast subsurface scattering

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Fig.1 - Fast Subsurface scattering of Stanford Bunny Based on the implementation of three.js . It provides a cheap, fast, and convincing approach to do ray-tracing in translucent surfaces. It refers the sharing in GDC 2011  [1], and the approach is used by Frostbite 2 and Unity engines [1][2][3]. Traditionally, when a ray intersects with surfaces, it needs to calculate the bouncing result after intersections. Materials can be divided into three types roughly.  Opaque , lights can't go through its geometry and the ray will be bounced back.  Transparency , the ray passes and allow it through the surface totally, it probably would loose a little energy after leaving.  Translucency , the ray after entering the surface will be bounced internally like below Fig. 2. Fig.2 - BSSRDF [1] In the case of translucency, we have several subsurface scattering approaches to solve our problem. When a light is traveling inside the shape, that needs to consider the ...
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glTF loader for Android Vulkan

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This post is going to introduce how we integrate with an existing glTF loader library to make it be able to show glTF models in our Vulkan rendering framework,  vulkan-android . tinygltf In the beginning, we don't want to make our new own wheel, so choosing  tinygltf as our glTF loader. tinygltf is a C++11 based library that would help us support all possible cross-platform project easily. tinygltf setup in Android Studio In  vulkan-android  project, we put third party libraries into third_party folder. Therefore, we need to include tinygltf from third_party folder in app/CMakeLists.txt as below. set(THIRD_PARTY_DIR ../../third_party) include_directories(${THIRD_PARTY_DIR}/tinygltf) Model loading from tinygltf We are going to load a gltf ASCII or binary format model from the storage. tinygltf provides two APIs , they are LoadBinaryFromFile() and LoadASCIIFromFile() respectively based on the extension name is *.glb or *.gltf. TinyGLTF loader will return a tiny...
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